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Understanding the Hierarchy of Controls

Hierarchy of Controls

The hierarchy of controls is a system used for controlling risks in the workplace. These controls are a step-by-step approach for eliminating or reducing risks.

There are 5 levels of action to take to reduce or eliminate hazards. These levels are ranked from the highest to lowest levels of protection, including:

  • Level 1: Elimination
  • Level 2: Substitution
  • Level 3: Engineering Controls
  • Level 4: Administrative Controls
  • And, Level 5: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Elimination

Elimination will remove the hazard at the source. This will include changing the work process to stop using items like toxic chemicals, heavy objects, or sharp tools. This is the highest level of protection as no exposure can occur.

Substitution

Substitution is the process of using safer alternatives to the source of the hazard. This means using a safer, less hazardous material vs. the hazardous material. For example, using a plant-based printing ink vs. a solvent-based ink.

Engineering Controls

Engineering controls will reduce or prevent hazards from contacting you. These may consist of modifying equipment or the workplace, using protective barriers, ventilation, and more.

Administrative Controls

Administrative controls will establish work practices that reduce the duration, frequency, or intensity of exposure to hazards. Examples may include:

  • Work process training
  • Job rotation
  • Adequate rest breaks
  • Limited access to hazardous areas or machines
  • And, adjusted line speeds

Personal Protective Equipment

Personal Protective Equipment, or PPE, is the least effective control and protection method. PPE is worn to minimize exposure to hazards but does not eliminate the hazard completely. PPE may include:

  • Safety gloves
  • Safety glasses
  • Hearing protection
  • Hard hats
  • Or, respirators

Employers and employees must not rely on PPE alone to control hazards when other effective means can be implemented.

Resources

The Centers for Disease and Control (CDC), has a webpage with information on the hierarchy of controls.

OSHA also provides a PDF titled “Identifying Hazard Control Options: The Hierarchy of Controls.

Conclusion

Understanding the Hierarchy of Controls is essential for creating safer work environments and minimizing risks in any industry. By prioritizing control methods from elimination and substitution down to personal protective equipment (PPE), organizations can effectively mitigate hazards and protect their workers.

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