The hierarchy of controls is a system used for controlling risks in the workplace. These controls are a step-by-step approach for eliminating or reducing risks.
There are 5 levels of action to take to reduce or eliminate hazards. These levels are ranked from the highest to lowest levels of protection, including:
- Level 1: Elimination
- Level 2: Substitution
- Level 3: Engineering Controls
- Level 4: Administrative Controls
- And, Level 5: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Elimination
Elimination will remove the hazard at the source. This will include changing the work process to stop using items like toxic chemicals, heavy objects, or sharp tools. This is the highest level of protection as no exposure can occur.
Substitution
Substitution is the process of using safer alternatives to the source of the hazard. This means using a safer, less hazardous material vs. the hazardous material. For example, using a plant-based printing ink vs. a solvent-based ink.
Engineering Controls
Engineering controls will reduce or prevent hazards from contacting you. These may consist of modifying equipment or the workplace, using protective barriers, ventilation, and more.
Administrative Controls
Administrative controls will establish work practices that reduce the duration, frequency, or intensity of exposure to hazards. Examples may include:
- Work process training
- Job rotation
- Adequate rest breaks
- Limited access to hazardous areas or machines
- And, adjusted line speeds
Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Equipment, or PPE, is the least effective control and protection method. PPE is worn to minimize exposure to hazards but does not eliminate the hazard completely. PPE may include:
- Safety gloves
- Safety glasses
- Hearing protection
- Hard hats
- Or, respirators
Employers and employees must not rely on PPE alone to control hazards when other effective means can be implemented.
Resources
The Centers for Disease and Control (CDC), has a webpage with information on the hierarchy of controls.
OSHA also provides a PDF titled “Identifying Hazard Control Options: The Hierarchy of Controls.”
Conclusion
Understanding the Hierarchy of Controls is essential for creating safer work environments and minimizing risks in any industry. By prioritizing control methods from elimination and substitution down to personal protective equipment (PPE), organizations can effectively mitigate hazards and protect their workers.