Introduction
Occupational vibration exposure is a common concern in many industries, where workers are regularly exposed to vibrating machinery or tools. Prolonged exposure to vibration can lead to serious health issues, including nerve damage, circulation problems, and musculoskeletal disorders.
Vibration
Vibration exposure is categorized in two categories, including Whole Body Vibration (WBV) and Hand and Arm Vibration (HAV). WBV transmits through the body when standing, sitting, or both, while operating or riding on machines, such as:
- Lawn mowers
- Powered Industrial Trucks (PITs)
- And, earthmoving equipment
Additionally, WBV can occur when operating vehicles on rough terrain and when standing on floors that vibrate due to machinery nearby.
HAV is caused through the continual and repetitive use of hand-operated tools and machines, including:
- Grinders
- Jackhammers
- Saws
- Impact drills
- And, more
Hazards of Occupational Vibration Exposure
Exposure to vibration may include:
- Numbness
- Tingling sensations
- White fingers
- Muscle fatigue or weakness
- Poor range of motion in the hand, fingers, and joints
- Temporary paralysis of the affected area
- Permanent loss of hand and finger use
- Musculoskeletal disorders
- And, more
In addition, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) suggests occupational exposure to vibration has been associated with an increase risk of musculoskeletal pain in the back, neck, hands, shoulders, and hips.
A common disorder associated with vibration is Raynaud Phenomenon (RP). This is a condition in which there is a blood vessel constriction (vasospasm) of the fingers, toes, nose, and ears. In rare, extreme cases, this condition can cause ulcers and necrosis of the tissue.
Prevention Methods
If workers are exposed to excessive vibration, measures can be taken to minimize or eliminate the risk. Reducing the amount of time spent on vibration-intensive tasks is one effective approach. Additionally, incorporating job rotations and frequent breaks can significantly help in lowering exposure and preventing harm.
One of the most effective safety measures for reducing HAV is wearing anti-vibration gloves. These gloves should comply with ANSI S2.73/ISO 10819 standards. These gloves are designed to significantly reduce mechanical vibration and shock.
General Safety Precautions
When vibration hazards exist, consider the following:
- Alternate between vibrating and anti-vibrating tools
- Take frequent breaks when using vibrating tools for long periods of time
- Keep your fingers and hands warm and dry
- And, avoid gripping vibrating tools tightly
Conclusion
Occupational vibration exposure can pose serious health risks, but with the right precautions, these risks can be significantly reduced. By understanding the dangers of vibration and implementing protective measures, employers and workers can work together to minimize harm.