Introduction
Earthquake safety is a critical aspect of preparing for natural disasters, especially in regions where seismic activity is common. The unpredictable nature of earthquakes makes it vital to understand how to respond quickly and effectively when the ground starts to shake. Whether you’re at home, at work, or on the go, knowing the right actions to take before, during, and after an earthquake can help reduce risks and prevent injuries.
Hazards
There are many hazards associated with earthquakes, including:
- Breaking and shifting rocks
- Landslides
- Tsunamis
- Damage/destruction to buildings
- Avalanches
- Flashfloods
- Fires
- And, severe injury or death
Before an Earthquake
If you live or perform work in locations where earthquakes occur, it is best to prepare yourself. For employers, ensure an Emergency Action Plan (EAP) is developed that provides evacuation/shelter-in-place procedures for earthquakes. It is also crucial to make an emergency kit with essential items, including:
- Water and food
- Battery powered or hand crank radios
- Flashlight
- First aid kit
- Extra batteries
- Local maps
- And, chargers for cell phones
For a more in-depth list of emergency supplies, visit ready.gov.
Common Signs
There are a few signs to look out for that may indicate an earthquake, including:
- Unusual animal behavior
- Small tremors or foreshocks
- Ground uplift or subsidence
- Changes in groundwater levels
- And, rumbling or booming sounds
Active Earthquake
When an earthquake strikes, it often causes panic and fear. In such emergencies, ensuring safety becomes the top priority. Here’s what you need to do when an earthquake occurs:
- Maintain distance from hazards such as falling objects, furniture, or windows
- Drop: Wherever you are, drop down to your hands and knees and hold onto something sturdy
- Cover: Cover your head and neck with your arms. Crawl underneath something sturdy or next to an interior wall
- And, hold on: Hold onto something sturdy
After an Earthquake
After an earthquake occurs:
- Stay calm and assess yourself and others for injuries
- Be prepared for aftershocks
- Evacuate the area if necessary
- And, turn on radios for updated information or instructions
Foreshocks Vs. Aftershocks
Foreshocks are smaller earthquakes that occur before a larger seismic event in the same area. These tremors can serve as a warning sign, suggesting that a more powerful earthquake may follow. Foreshocks can happen minutes, days, or even longer before the main earthquake strikes. However, it’s important to note that not all major earthquakes are preceded by foreshocks.
Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes that occur in the same general area in the days following a larger seismic event. These tremors typically happen within 1-2 fault lengths of the original quake and continue until the region’s seismic activity returns to normal levels. Aftershocks are essentially minor readjustments along the portion of the fault that slipped during the main earthquake.
Conclusion
Earthquake safety is essential for minimizing risk and ensuring the well-being of yourself and your loved ones. While it’s impossible to predict when or where an earthquake will strike, being prepared can make all the difference in surviving and recovering from such an event. By understanding the importance of proper preparedness, knowing what to do during an earthquake, and being aware of the steps to take afterward, you can significantly reduce the impact of these natural disasters.