Introduction
Wildfire safety is a critical concern for workers in areas at risk of these fast-moving and unpredictable fires. Whether working outdoors, in rural locations, or near forested areas, it’s essential to be prepared and know how to respond in the event of a wildfire.
Hazards
Workers face numerous hazards when a wildfire breaks out, such as:
- Respiratory Hazards: Wildfire smoke contains chemicals and fine particles that can irritate the respiratory system
- Health Hazards: Prolonged exposure to wildfire smoke can worsen asthma and other respiratory conditions, and lead to reduced lung function, heart problems, and possible death
- And, Physical Hazards: This can include injuries from falling debris, unstable structures, as well as burns and heat stress
In addition, workers can also face hazards during the aftermath of wildfires, including:
- Electrical Hazards (downed powerlines)
- Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
- Extreme Heat
- Unstable Structures
- Hazardous Materials
- And, Worker Fatigue
Smoke Exposure
Symptoms of smoke exposure can vary depending on the amount and the duration of exposure. Common symptoms include:
- Respiratory: Cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, or sore throat
- Eye: Irritation, wateriness, redness, or blurred vision
- And, Nasal: Runny or stuffy nose or nasal congestion
In addition the the above symptoms, headaches, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, dizziness, confusion, and skin irritation may also occur.
In severe cases, smoke exposure can lead to lung damage, heart problems, cancer, or death.
Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) can be utilized by workers when performing jobs near wildfires where smoke exposure is a risk. PPE can include:
- Hard Hats
- Safety Goggles
- Heavy Gloves
- Steel-Toed Boots
- And, Dust Masks/Respirators
Note: If dust masks are used, ensure they are N95 respirator dust masks.
If workers are performing tasks near downed powerlines, additional PPE is needed, such as:
- Nomex® clothing compliant with NFPA standard 1500
- Rubber gloves
- Dielectric overshoes
- And, insulated, protective tools
Evacuation
When a wildfire threatens an area of work or a job facility, the best action is to evacuate. Monitor local news radios, TV station weather reports, and emergency broadcast systems for information and to determine if an evacuation is warranted. If workers are performing work in remote areas and a wildfire is in a dangerous proximity, they shall evacuate the area and seek safety.
Prevention
In most cases, wildfires occur naturally without human involvement. However, some job tasks, such as debris burning, refueling tasks, hot work, and equipment malfunctions, can lead to wildfires. Additionally, discarded cigarettes and unattended fires can also lead to wildfires. When performing job tasks in rural areas that may cause wildfires:
- Identify and fix potential equipment problems that could cause a wildfire
- Do not burn debris or waste during high wind or on no burn days
- Dispose of cigarettes properly
- Never leave fires unattended
- And, follow procedures for refueling operations
Resources
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has a webpage that provides information on how to protect workers and the public from wildfire smoke.
OSHA provides a webpage on wildfires that discusses preparedness and response/recovery.
JJ Safety provides safety meetings, safety programs, and online safety training on wildfire awareness.
Conclusion
Wildfire safety is a vital consideration for workers in areas vulnerable to these unpredictable and dangerous events. By understanding the risks, preparing in advance, and knowing the proper safety protocols, workers can better protect themselves and respond effectively during a wildfire.